Saponificación (grasa + NaOH)
fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap)
Descripción general
Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride fats or oils by sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap). Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, saponification is irreversible because the carboxylate salt is deprotonated. The reaction requires heating and stirring.
Participantes
| Rol | Sustancia | Coeficiente | Estado |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reactivo | Hidróxido de sodio NaOH | 3 | (aq) |
| Producto | Glicerol C₃H₈O₃ | 1 | (l) |
Ejemplo cotidiano
Handmade soap is produced by heating vegetable oils or animal fats with lye (NaOH) in this ancient saponification reaction.
Importancia industrial
Base de la industria del jabón y detergente, con siglos de historia y producción mundial de millones de toneladas.
Propiedades
- Tipo
- Orgánica
- Reversible
- No
- Energía
- Exotérmico
- ΔH
- -25,0 kJ/mol
Reacciones relacionadas
Preguntas frecuentes
What is the equation for Saponificación (grasa + NaOH)?
The balanced equation is: fat + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 sodium carboxylate (soap).
What type of reaction is Saponificación (grasa + NaOH)?
Saponificación (grasa + NaOH) is a orgánica reaction.
Is Saponificación (grasa + NaOH) exothermic or endothermic?
Saponificación (grasa + NaOH) is exothermic (releases energy). The enthalpy change (ΔH) is -25.0 kJ/mol.